A dedicated animal rescuer in Plymouth, UK, has issued a warning about leptospirosis, a dangerous but lesser-known bacterial infection that recently claimed the life of a nine-month-old puppy in Honicknowle.

Dawn Lapthorn, who runs the "Plymouth Pets Lost & Found" group, was informed by a friend about the devastating loss. She shared her concerns on social media, emphasizing that many pet owners are unaware of the disease’s risks.

"I’m sharing this because I hadn’t heard of it before, and I really want to raise awareness," Lapthorn wrote. "The puppy lived in the Honicknowle area, where, like many places, rats and small rodents are common. This is how the infection spreads."

Lapthorn listed the symptoms observed before the puppy's passing, which included:

Orange urine

Vomiting and diarrhea

Tar-like black stool

Excessive drooling

Fever and shivering

Lethargy

A strong metallic odor from breath and body

The family, devastated by their loss, allowed Lapthorn to share their experience to warn other pet owners.

Understanding Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection that causes severe organ damage, particularly affecting the liver and kidneys. The bacteria can survive in water and soil for months and are primarily transmitted through the urine of infected animals—most commonly rats. Dogs can become infected through:

Drinking or swimming in contaminated water

Contact with infected rodents or their urine

Exposure to the urine of infected dogs

Risks to Humans

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can spread from animals to humans. In people, it is known as Weil’s disease and can cause severe complications. While rare, human infections occur through direct or indirect contact with contaminated urine. Those who suspect exposure should seek medical advice immediately.

Symptoms in Dogs

Leptospirosis symptoms can vary but often include:

Jaundice (yellowing of the gums and eyes)

Vomiting and diarrhea (sometimes bloody)

Extreme fatigue

Loss of appetite and weight loss

Increased thirst and urination

Breathing difficulties or coughing

Some dogs may show minimal symptoms but still spread the bacteria, putting other pets and humans at risk. In severe cases, a dog can succumb to the disease within just two days, making early detection and treatment critical.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Veterinarians diagnose leptospirosis through blood and urine tests, though early-stage detection can be challenging. If suspected, immediate treatment with antibiotics, IV fluids, and supportive care is necessary. Infected dogs must be isolated to prevent the disease from spreading. Even after recovery, they can continue shedding the bacteria in their urine for a period, requiring extra precautions.

Prevention and Vaccination

The best way to protect dogs from leptospirosis is through vaccination. There are different types of vaccines available (L2 and L4), covering various strains of the bacteria. Dog owners should discuss with their vets which vaccine provides the best protection for their pets, especially if they live in high-risk areas near stagnant water or rodents.

For unvaccinated puppies, exposure to potentially contaminated environments should be minimized. Until their vaccinations take full effect, pet owners should:

Avoid public places with unknown dogs

Keep them away from stagnant water and farms

Only allow interactions with fully vaccinated dogs

Final Thoughts

Leptospirosis remains a serious threat to both dogs and humans. Raising awareness, recognizing symptoms early, and ensuring timely vaccinations are the best ways to prevent unnecessary suffering. If you suspect your dog has been exposed, seek veterinary care immediately.

For more information on leptospirosis, visit the PDSA website or consult your local veterinarian.